Fragmented Multilateralism and International Institutions between Complexities and Challenges

This open-access special issue examines the impact of the fragmentation of multilateralism on Informal International Governmental Organisations (IIGOs) and Formal International Governmental Organisations (FIGOs) through the lens of Global North–Global South relations. In the first part, a short literature review on multilateralism and its crisis is presented. In the second part of our cluster, focusing on ‘Multilateralism and International Institutions’, the authors explore how China and India contest the current form and meaning of multilateralism, and how US policies towards institutions like the United Nations (UN) shift with presidential politics, as well as the roles of United Nations Conference on Trade and Developmen (UNCTAD) and The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL). The third part, on ‘Multilateralism, Informality and IOs’, addresses the intersection of informal governance, multilateralism and the Global South. It includes studies on the European Union’s (EU’s) informal engagement with IIGOs, states’ use of ad hoc coalitions, hybrid practices in The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the Quad, and the China–Japan–Korea Trilateral Summit. The fourth and final part, on ‘Geopolitics, Multilateralism and International organisations (IOs)’, explores the interplay among geopolitics, multilateralism and IOs and engages with key themes such as the EU’s challenges in FIGOs led by authoritarian regimes favouring instrumental over normative cooperation, and the early emergence of Latin American IIGOs in the nineteenth century, predating formal IOs.